Tips

How to forward proxy nginx to custom port

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nginx proxy

This is a sample nginx proxy config for forwarding nonstandard SSL port to other ip/domain with a custom port, not 443 standard https port server { listen 3000 ssl; server_name xxx.domain.com; error_page 497 301 =307 https://$host:$server_port$request_uri; ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/xxx.domain.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/xxx.domain.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot ssl_dhparam … Read more

CPU vs VPU Processing Speed: Which is Faster?

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cpu vs vpu

CPU (Central Processing Unit) and VPU (Vector Processing Unit) are two types of processors commonly used in various devices, from smartphones to desktop computers. Processing speed is a crucial factor to consider when choosing the right device for your needs. Let’s compare CPU and VPU: 1. Architecture: CPU: Has a complex and versatile architecture, capable of handling … Read more

Proxmox Backup Guide: VMs, CTs, and PBS in 2026

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backup proxmox

Proxmox Backup: Complete Guide for VMs, CTs, and PBS

Backing up a Proxmox Virtual Environment (VE) correctly means more than clicking a snapshot in the web GUI. This guide explains vzdump, Proxmox Backup Server (PBS), retention policies, and off-site strategies so your home lab or production cluster survives disk failure.

1. VZDump: The Built-In Backup Engine

Proxmox ships vzdump as its native backup tool. It creates consistent snapshots of running containers (LXC) and KVM virtual machines by pausing QEMU briefly, dumping RAM state, and copying the virtual disk.

Supported modes: – Snapshot — freeze filesystem with QEMU guest agent, zero downtime – Suspend — save VM state to disk, brief pause – Stop — shutdown guest first, cleanest backup

Storage targets: local directory, NFS, CIFS, and Proxmox Backup Server

Compression: LZO (fast) or Zstandard (smaller). Zstd is the default since Proxmox 8.

2. Backup a Single VM or CT

Open Datacenter → Backup → Add. Select the node, VMs, and storage target. The default schedule runs at 2:00 AM daily.

For CLI users, a single command backs up VM 100 to local storage:

vzdump 100 --storage local --mode snapshot --compress zstd

To backup all guests on a node:

vzdump $(qm list | awk 'NR>1 {print $1}') --storage backup-nfs --mode snapshot

3. Proxmox Backup Server (PBS): Enterprise Off-Site

PBS is a separate Debian-based appliance that deduplicates backups across VMs. It stores chunk-level data, reducing total backup size by 40-60 percent compared to raw vzdump archives.

Architecture: – One PBS instance per off-site location – Proxmox nodes push backups via HTTPS/8007 – Deduplication happens client-side before transfer

Setup overview: 1. Install PBS on bare metal or inside a VM 2. Add PBS datastore via Datacenter → Storage → Add → Proxmox Backup Server 3. Set encryption key on the client (Proxmox node) 4. Schedule backup jobs pointing to PBS storage

Encryption is mandatory for off-site backups. Without it, root on the PBS host can read every guest filesystem.

4. Retention Policies That Actually Work

The default “keep last 7” fills disks fast. A better strategy:

| Tier | Count | Compression | |——|——-|————-| | Daily | 7 days | Zstandard | | Weekly | 4 weeks | Zstandard | | Monthly | 3 months | LZO for speed |

Configure this in Datacenter → Backup → Retention, or via /etc/vzdump.conf:

keep-last: 7
keep-hourly: 0
keep-daily: 7
keep-weekly: 4
keep-monthly: 3

5. Restore Testing: The Step Everyone Skips

A backup that has never been restored is a liability. Test restore quarterly:

1. Create a new VM ID on isolated storage 2. Restore from vzdump: qmrestore /var/lib/vz/dump/vzdump-qemu-100-*.vma.zst 999 --storage local-lvm 3. Boot VM 999 and verify data integrity 4. Run fsck inside the guest if filesystem errors appear

For PBS, use the web restore browser or:

proxmox-backup-client restore vm/100/2025-01-15T02:00:00Z /target/path

6. Monitoring and Alerting

Backup jobs that fail silently are invisible until you need them. Add notifications:

# /etc/vzdump.conf
mailto: [email protected]
notification: failure, success

Proxmox also exposes backup status in the task log. Integrate with your monitoring stack by parsing /var/log/vzdump/ or querying the API:

pvesh get /nodes/localhost/tasks --output-format json | jq '.[] | select(.type=="vzdump")'

What to Do Now

If your Proxmox environment currently has no scheduled backups, start with vzdump to local storage tonight. Once that works, deploy PBS to a second physical location. The combination of local vzdump archives plus off-site PBS chunks covers every failure mode from accidental deletion to building fire.

Related: How to Resize a Proxmox Ubuntu VM Disk (2026 Guide).

Related: Build AIoT Predictive Line: Pharma Digital Twin Guide.

Howto deploy wordpress using docker compose

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docker

This is how you can use docker compose to run WordPress on it First make docker-compose.yml with this content version: ‘2’ services: db: image: mysql:5.7 volumes: – db_data:/var/lib/mysql restart: always environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_DATABASE_PASSWORD} MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress MYSQL_USER: wordpress_db MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${WORDPRESS_PASSWORD} wordpress: image: wordpress:latest ports: – 5500:80 restart: always environment: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306 WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wordpress_db WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: ${WORDPRESS_PASSWORD} volumes: … Read more

Step-by-Step Guide to Mastering Anything

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idea

1. Find Your Passion:

  • Explore, experiment, and reflect: What sparks your curiosity? What problem in the world intrigues you? Don’t choose something based solely on potential profit. Deep passion fuels the long-term dedication needed for mastery.
  • Research and validate: Dive into your chosen field. Talk to experts, read about the market, and understand the potential challenges and opportunities.

2. Set SMART Goals:

  • Specific: Clearly define what you want to achieve. “Become a successful entrepreneur,” is great, but “Grow my e-commerce business by 20% in 6 months” is more focused.
  • Measurable: Establish metrics to track your progress. How will you know you’re on the right track?
  • Attainable: Set goals that are challenging but achievable with hard work and dedication.
  • Relevant: Ensure your goals align with your passion and long-term vision.
  • Time-Bound: Set deadlines to create a sense of urgency and focus.

3. Build a Strong Foundation:

  • Learn voraciously: Read books, take courses, attend workshops, and seek out mentors in your field.
  • Develop essential skills: Communication, leadership, problem-solving, and financial literacy are crucial for any entrepreneur.
  • Network and build relationships: Connect with other entrepreneurs, potential partners, and customers.

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The best screenshot apps ever

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flameshot

In screenshot software, where giants like Snagit and Greenshot reign supreme, Flameshot emerges as a fiery contender, fueled by open-source passion and packed with features that rival its paid counterparts. But is it just hype, or does Flameshot truly deliver a scorching experience? Let’s ignite the review and find out. Intuitive Interface: Point, Click, Capture! … Read more